In recent years, the expansion of the Ultra Low Emission Zone across London has been heavily discussed. Designed to reduce air pollution and encourage cleaner transportation, the extended ULEZ now covers all of Greater London. But has it actually made a difference? According to recent reports from Transport for London (TfL) and City Hall, the answer appears to be a resounding yes.

Improved Air Quality Across London

Since the ULEZ expansion, air quality in London has significantly improved. Reports suggest that specific emissions (from vehicle exhausts) in outer London are estimated to be 31% lower in 2024 than they would have been if the expansion did not happen.

Similarly, Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions from cars and vans have dropped by 14%. These figures show that the ULEZ expansion is having a tangible impact on reducing harmful pollutants across the city.

The Impact on Vehicles and Compliance Rates

One of the key goals of the Ultra Low Emission Zone is to encourage drivers to switch to cleaner, ULEZ-compliant vehicles. The latest Transport for London (TfL) data shows that this transition is well underway. As of 2024:

• 96.7% of vehicles seen driving in London now meet the ULEZ emissions standards, up from 91.6% in June 2023 and just 39% in February 2017 when ULEZ policies first took effect.
• Van compliance in outer London is now over 90% for the first time, this was just 12% in 2017.
• There was a 58% reduction of non-compliant vehicles in London daily in September 2024 compared to June 2023.

These figures indicate that ULEZ has successfully accelerated the transition to lower-emission vehicles across London, significantly contributing to reduced air pollution.

Costs and Penalties for Non-Compliant Vehicles

For drivers who continue to use non-compliant vehicles, the ULEZ expansion brings added costs including a £12.50 daily charge.

Failure to pay this daily charge results in a penalty charge of £180, though this is reduced to £90 if paid within 14 days.

The Future of ULEZ and Congestion Charges

With the Ultra Low Emission Zone showing measurable improvements in air quality, it’s likely that further policies will be introduced to continue reducing pollution levels. Some experts predict that London could see additional refinements to both the ULEZ scheme and the congestion charge, possibly introducing further incentives for electric vehicles and public transport users.

The data suggests that the ULEZ expansion is working as intended—reducing emissions, encouraging vehicle upgrades, and improving overall air quality. While the costs associated with non-compliance remain a point of contention, the benefits to public health and the environment are clear.

For businesses and individuals operating in London, ensuring vehicles meet ULEZ emissions standards is now more important than ever. With fewer penalty charges and a cleaner, healthier city as the outcome, the long-term impact of the Ultra Low Emission Zone is shaping up to be a positive one.